{"id":198,"date":"2018-04-09T08:16:07","date_gmt":"2018-04-09T08:16:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogavto.com\/?p=198"},"modified":"2018-05-25T00:37:10","modified_gmt":"2018-05-24T21:37:10","slug":"evropa-krupnejshij-mashinostroiteln","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogavto.com\/cs\/evropa-krupnejshij-mashinostroiteln\/","title":{"rendered":"Evropa: nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed automobilov\u00e9 centrum sv\u011bta"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Evropa si i p\u0159es tvrdou konkurenci USA a asijsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed nad\u00e1le udr\u017euje pozici nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho stroj\u00edrensk\u00e9ho regionu specializuj\u00edc\u00edho se na v\u00fdrobu high-tech za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a dopravu. Evropsk\u00e1 unie si s jistotou dr\u017e\u00ed pozici sv\u011btov\u00e9ho <strong>automobilov\u00e9 centrum<\/strong>, schopnost modelovat mapu budouc\u00edho technologick\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje a vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edch se popt\u00e1van\u00fdch technologi\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed potenci\u00e1l automobilov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu podporuje \u00abtechnologick\u00e9 kvarteto\u00bb zem\u00ed - N\u011bmecko, Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie, Francie a It\u00e1lie. Tyto zem\u011b disponuj\u00ed jedine\u010dnou v\u00fdrobn\u00ed a technickou z\u00e1kladnou, kter\u00e1 v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech spojuje v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 let zku\u0161enost\u00ed s v\u00fdzkumem, testov\u00e1n\u00edm v re\u00e1ln\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch a praktick\u00fdm vyu\u017eit\u00edm automobilov\u00fdch komponent\u016f a celk\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm d\u016fvodem tak \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9ho rozvoje centra jsou rozvinut\u00e9 tr\u017en\u00ed vztahy, velk\u00fd po\u010det v\u00fdrobc\u016f, jejich\u017e \u010dinnost je hluboce integrovan\u00e1 a \u00fazce propojen\u00e1 s ostatn\u00edmi podniky v odv\u011btv\u00ed. To je charakteristick\u00e9 nejen pro stroj\u00edrenstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je \u00fazce propojeno s evropsk\u00fdmi mo\u017enostmi a technologiemi zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed kov\u016f, ale i pro p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9, zd\u00e1nliv\u011b vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 oblasti pr\u016fmyslu.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Obsah<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"P\u0159epnut\u00ed tabulky obsahu\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">P\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/blogavto.com\/cs\/evropa-krupnejshij-mashinostroiteln\/#%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8\" >Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed odv\u011btv\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/blogavto.com\/cs\/evropa-krupnejshij-mashinostroiteln\/#%D0%9D%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9\" >Aktiva nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdrobc\u016f jsou soust\u0159ed\u011bna v Evrop\u011b.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/blogavto.com\/cs\/evropa-krupnejshij-mashinostroiteln\/#%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%E2%80%93_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8\" >Evropsk\u00e1 v\u00fdrobn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce - jako p\u0159edpoklad \u00fasp\u011bchu odv\u011btv\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8\"><\/span>Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed odv\u011btv\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3>Hutnictv\u00ed \u017eeleza a ne\u017eelezn\u00fdch kov\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Pr\u016fmysl se zam\u011b\u0159uje na v\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch slitin s \u017e\u00e1dan\u00fdmi vlastnostmi pro konstruk\u010dn\u00ed a karos\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 celokovov\u00e9 d\u00edly. Hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem spolupr\u00e1ce je z\u00edskat lehk\u00e9 slitiny s antikorozn\u00edmi a protitlakov\u00fdmi vlastnostmi pro v\u00fdrobu d\u00edl\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1hradn\u00edch d\u00edl\u016f nab\u00edzen\u00fdch v\u00fdrobci t\u0159et\u00edch stran.<\/p>\n<h4>Obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed kov\u016f<\/h4>\n<p>\u00dasp\u011bch evropsk\u00e9ho automobilov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu je od po\u010d\u00e1tku historie spojen s pokro\u010dil\u00fdmi technologiemi zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed kov\u016f. Tento pr\u016fmysl se vyzna\u010duje t\u011bmito v\u00fdrobci:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Gleason-Pfauter Maschinenfabrik GmbH - zauj\u00edm\u00e1 vedouc\u00ed postaven\u00ed v oblasti fr\u00e9zov\u00e1n\u00ed;<\/li>\n<li>Skupina JUNKER je p\u0159edn\u00edm sv\u011btov\u00fdm v\u00fdrobcem p\u0159esn\u00fdch brusek;<\/li>\n<li>Spole\u010dnost Gildemeister je jedn\u00edm z l\u00eddr\u016f ve v\u00fdrob\u011b vysoce p\u0159esn\u00fdch obr\u00e1b\u011bc\u00edch stroj\u016f pro obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed kov\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Chemick\u00fd pr\u016fmysl<\/h3>\n<p>Dod\u00e1v\u00e1 automobilov\u00e9mu pr\u016fmyslu \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9 syntetick\u00e9 plasty, polymery, kompozity, kter\u00e9 v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech nahrazuj\u00ed kovov\u00e9 slitiny. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost v\u011bnuje plast\u016fm vyztu\u017een\u00fdm uhl\u00edkov\u00fdmi vl\u00e1kny - uhl\u00edku. Karoserie elektromobilu BMW i3 je vyrobena z CFRP - plastu vyztu\u017een\u00e9ho uhl\u00edkov\u00fdmi vl\u00e1kny. Evropsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost Solvay S.A. (Belgie) je l\u00eddrem v t\u00e9to oblasti.<\/p>\n<h4>Petrochemick\u00fd pr\u016fmysl<\/h4>\n<p>Tato oblast evropsk\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu dod\u00e1v\u00e1 pr\u016fmyslu syntetick\u00e1 maziva, pokro\u010dil\u00e9 automobilov\u00e9 chemik\u00e1lie, paliva a dokon\u010dovac\u00ed materi\u00e1ly. Vedouc\u00ed pozice zauj\u00edmaj\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>BASF a Johnson Matthey (automobilov\u00e9 katalyz\u00e1tory);<\/li>\n<li>LyondellBasell Industries N.V. (palivo);<\/li>\n<li>Akzo Nobel N.V. (n\u00e1t\u011brov\u00e9 hmoty pro automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl);<\/li>\n<li>INEOS Holding Group (bionafta a polymery);<\/li>\n<li>CHEM-TREND GMBH (roztoky ve spreji pro pneumatiky).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Ropn\u00fd a plyn\u00e1rensk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl<\/h3>\n<p>Ropn\u00fd a plyn\u00e1rensk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl pracuje na v\u00fdvoji nov\u00fdch typ\u016f syntetick\u00fdch a biopaliv. Rozv\u00edjej\u00ed se technologie syntetick\u00e9ho benz\u00ednu na b\u00e1zi synt\u00e9zn\u00edho plynu, kter\u00e9 vyvinuli n\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed v\u011bdci Franz Fischer a Hans Tropsch. Spole\u010dnost Audi AG je l\u00eddrem v oblasti v\u00fdroby e-plynu, e-benzinu z obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f a ve sv\u00e9m are\u00e1lu otev\u0159ela v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 centrum.<\/p>\n<h4>Elektronika a robotika<\/h4>\n<p>Elektronika a robotika pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 pro v\u00fdvoj palubn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f vozidel na z\u00e1klad\u011b znalost\u00ed vysoce kvalifikovan\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f vy\u0161kolen\u00fdch na univerzit\u00e1ch v N\u011bmecku, Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii a Francii. Za centra vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fdzkumu jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny Technick\u00e1 univerzita v Braunschweigu, Technick\u00e1 univerzita v Mnichov\u011b a Vysok\u00e1 \u0161kola v Halbronnu. N\u011bmeck\u00e9 univerzity \u00fazce spolupracuj\u00ed s technick\u00fdmi univerzitami na Ukrajin\u011b.<\/p>\n<h3>Pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd design<\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1713\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1713\" style=\"width: 696px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1713\" src=\"https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/industrial-design-1024x427.jpg\" alt=\"Pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd design\" width=\"696\" height=\"290\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/industrial-design-1024x427.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/industrial-design-300x125.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/industrial-design-768x320.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/industrial-design-696x290.jpg 696w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/industrial-design-1068x445.jpg 1068w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/industrial-design-1008x420.jpg 1008w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/industrial-design.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 696px) 100vw, 696px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1713\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd design<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Intenzita realizace v\u00fdroby vzork\u016f pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch vzor\u016f v EU je srovnateln\u00e1 s USA a \u010din\u00ed v pr\u016fm\u011bru 30% celkov\u00e9ho objemu. M\u00edra zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch vzor\u016f v roce 2011 je n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed: USA - 0,28, Evropa - 0,28, Japonsko - 0,35, \u010c\u00edna - 0,17. Tato oblast v Evrop\u011b vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e $15 miliard ro\u010dn\u00edho hrub\u00e9ho produktu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e investice do prototypov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed a\u017e 10% ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu a v\u00fdvoje. V roce 2011 \u010dinily investice do t\u00e9to oblasti v Evrop\u011b $44 miliard.<\/p>\n<h4>Odv\u011btv\u00ed energetiky<\/h4>\n<p>Odv\u011btv\u00ed energetiky napom\u00e1h\u00e1 p\u0159enosu technologi\u00ed v oblasti vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch bateri\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch pro hybridn\u00ed a elektronick\u00e9 automobily. V t\u00e9to oblasti jsou na \u0161pici spole\u010dnosti ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evrop\u011b - v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice a Makedonii - kter\u00e9 vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed baterie s technologi\u00ed start-stop (baterie AGM z adsorp\u010dn\u00edch sklen\u011bn\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken) pro s\u00e9riov\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9 mikrohybridn\u00ed automobily zna\u010dek Mercedes, Volvo, Audi, BMW a Volkswagen. Pou\u017eit\u00e1 technologie kombinuje spalovac\u00ed motor s elektrick\u00fdm pohonem, \u010d\u00edm\u017e zaji\u0161\u0165uje 12-30% \u00fasporu paliva a sni\u017euje emise CO2.<\/p>\n<p><em>Vysok\u00fd potenci\u00e1l evropsk\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch podnik\u016f, kter\u00e9 pracuj\u00ed jako jeden stroj\u00edrensk\u00fd konglomer\u00e1t, n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uje hovo\u0159it o dlouhodob\u00e9m udr\u017een\u00ed vedouc\u00ed pozice evropsk\u00e9ho centra na trhu automobilov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu.<\/em><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%9D%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9\"><\/span>Aktiva nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdrobc\u016f jsou soust\u0159ed\u011bna v Evrop\u011b.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Evropsk\u00e1 automobilov\u00e1 aktiva jsou zastoupena v\u00fdrobn\u00edmi z\u00e1vody n\u011bmeck\u00fdch koncern\u016f Volkswagen Group, Daimler AG, BMW AG, Porsche AG, evropskou diviz\u00ed Ford Motor a General Motors, francouzsk\u00fdmi aktivy PSA Peugeot Citro\u00ebn a Renault Group, nizozemskou spole\u010dnost\u00ed s italsk\u00fdm vlastn\u00edkem Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA Italy) a \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00fdm koncernem Volvo Group.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-1714\" src=\"https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/paccar-1024x291.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"696\" height=\"198\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/paccar-1024x291.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/paccar-300x85.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/paccar-768x219.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/paccar-696x198.jpg 696w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/paccar-1068x304.jpg 1068w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/paccar.jpg 1300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 696px) 100vw, 696px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>K rozvoji v\u00fdroby v\u00fdznamn\u011b p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed italsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti Bugatti Automobiles S.A.S., Ferrari S.p.A., Lamborghini, Maserati a n\u011bmeck\u00e1 Porsche AG, britsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti Bentley Motors a Aston Martin, kter\u00e9 vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed luxusn\u00ed vozy. Tito v\u00fdrobci se specializuj\u00ed na koncep\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1vrhy, kter\u00e9 se b\u011b\u017en\u011b nepou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v automobilech ur\u010den\u00fdch pro masov\u00fd trh, a na jejich realizaci. Vliv maj\u00ed v\u00fdrobci t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch n\u00e1kladn\u00edch automobil\u016f DAF (Nizozemsko, jako sou\u010d\u00e1st PACCAR Inc.), MAN (N\u011bmecko), Scania (\u0160v\u00e9dsko), Iveco (It\u00e1lie).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1715\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1715\" style=\"width: 700px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1715\" src=\"https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/bmw-motorad-next-100.jpg\" alt=\"BMW Motorad Vision Next 100\" width=\"700\" height=\"450\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/bmw-motorad-next-100.jpg 700w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/bmw-motorad-next-100-300x193.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/bmw-motorad-next-100-696x447.jpg 696w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/bmw-motorad-next-100-653x420.jpg 653w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1715\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">BMW Motorad Vision Next 100<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed strategie zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed konkurenceschopnosti automobilov\u00fdch koncern\u016f spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve strategick\u00fdch partnerstv\u00edch s pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdmi podniky, a to jak s hlavn\u00edmi, tak s p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdmi, a ve strategick\u00fdch f\u00faz\u00edch a akvizic\u00edch. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b jsou nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi evropsk\u00fdmi vlastn\u00edky automobilov\u00fdch aktiv:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Skupina Volkswagen - Volkswagen, Audi (Auto Union, od roku 1958 sou\u010d\u00e1st Daimler-Benz), \u0160koda, Seat, \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b Porsche AG;<\/li>\n<li>Daimler AG: Mercedes-Benz Cars Group - osobn\u00ed automobily, v\u010detn\u011b Mercedes-Benz, Mercedes-AMG, Mercedes-Maybach, Smart; Daimler Trucks Group - t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 n\u00e1kladn\u00ed vozidla, Mercedes-Benz, Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation; Mercedes-Benz Vans Group - lehk\u00e1 n\u00e1kladn\u00ed vozidla; Daimler Buses Group - autobusy, \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b Tesla Motors, KAMAZ a dal\u0161\u00ed;<\/li>\n<li>BMW Group: BMW, BMW Motorrad, Mini a Rolls-Royce;<\/li>\n<li>PSA Peugeot Citro\u00ebn - Peugeot, Citro\u00ebn, Opel, Hindustan Motors, Vauxhall a DS Automobiles.<\/li>\n<li>FCA Italy - Chrysler, Alfa Romeo, Dodge, Fiat, Jeep, Lancia, Abarth, Ram Trucks, Mopar a Holding zahrnuje tak\u00e9 Maserati, Comau, Magneti Marelli a Teksid. Akcie Ferrari jsou rozd\u011bleny mezi kone\u010dn\u00e9 vlastn\u00edky.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Rozvinut\u00e1 centra pro v\u00fdrobu automobil\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>V Evrop\u011b jsou v\u00fdrobn\u00ed z\u00e1vody automobilov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu rovnom\u011brn\u011b rozm\u00edst\u011bny v jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00edch s v\u00fdjimkou Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed a n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblast\u00ed N\u011bmecka, kde existuje n\u011bkolik specializovan\u00fdch center. V N\u011bmecku je velk\u00e9 centrum pro mont\u00e1\u017e automobil\u016f organizov\u00e1no spole\u010dnost\u00ed BMV v Dingolfingu, Lipsku, Regensburgu a Mnichov\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b t\u0159etinu majetku britsk\u00fdch automobilek ovl\u00e1daj\u00ed americk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily sv\u016fj vliv na britsk\u00fdch ostrovech. Mezi nimi vynik\u00e1 West Midlands, hlavn\u00ed oblast automobilov\u00e9 v\u00fdroby s centrem v Birminghamu, a jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Anglie s centry automobilov\u00e9 v\u00fdroby v Danehamu, Lutonu a Oxfordu.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%E2%80%93_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8\"><\/span>Evropsk\u00e1 v\u00fdrobn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce - jako p\u0159edpoklad \u00fasp\u011bchu odv\u011btv\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Jak <strong>in\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00e9 centrum<\/strong> Z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evropa je hluboce propojena s ostatn\u00edmi pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdmi sf\u00e9rami a zaji\u0161\u0165uje odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed pot\u0159eby v oblasti technologick\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed. \u00dazk\u00e1 kooperace mezi stroj\u00edrensk\u00fdmi podniky p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k rychl\u00e9mu osvojen\u00ed technologi\u00ed, jejich zaveden\u00ed do s\u00e9riov\u00e9 v\u00fdroby a zlep\u0161en\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edho kola rozvoje.<\/p>\n<h3>Pr\u016fmysl obr\u00e1b\u011bc\u00edch stroj\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Jedn\u00e1 se o vysoce p\u0159esnou konstrukci obr\u00e1b\u011bc\u00edch stroj\u016f a v\u00fdrobu kovac\u00edch a lisovac\u00edch stroj\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch pro high-tech obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed kov\u016f. Tato oblast sehr\u00e1la rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed roli p\u0159i vzniku prvn\u00edch automobil\u016f, nebo\u0165 poskytla pot\u0159ebnou technologickou \u00farove\u0148 pro v\u00fdrobu lo\u017eisek kol, podlo\u017eek, p\u0159evod\u016f a pozd\u011bji i d\u00edl\u016f karoserie a prvk\u016f platformy. A i nad\u00e1le ovliv\u0148uje v\u00fdvoj automobilov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu a zaji\u0161\u0165uje st\u0159edisku vedouc\u00ed postaven\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u016fmysl karos\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f je siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn pr\u016fmyslem \u017eelezn\u00fdch a ne\u017eelezn\u00fdch kov\u016f s centry v N\u011bmecku, Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii, Francii, Lucembursku, \u0160v\u00e9dsku a Polsku. V\u00fdrobn\u00ed centra jsou charakteristick\u00e1 pro ji\u017en\u00ed Evropu - Janov, Toronto a Neapol.<\/p>\n<h4>Prvn\u00ed auto<\/h4>\n<p>Prvn\u00ed s\u00e9riov\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fd automobil sestavil Karl Benz v roce 1886 na z\u00e1klad\u011b konstrukce j\u00edzdn\u00edho kola, kter\u00e9 se na trhu objevilo v roce 1840. Vyn\u00e1lezce, jeho\u017e jm\u00e9no je obsa\u017eeno v n\u00e1zvu sv\u011btov\u011b nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed automobilov\u00e9 zna\u010dky Mercedes-Benz, modernizoval kolov\u00e9 vozidlo t\u00edm, \u017ee si vyp\u016fj\u010dil z\u00e1kladn\u00ed prvky kovov\u00e9 konstrukce a instaloval vlastn\u00ed spalovac\u00ed motor.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1705\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1705\" style=\"width: 490px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1705 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/benz-automobil.jpg\" alt=\"Benz Patent-Motorwagen, 1886.\" width=\"490\" height=\"368\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/benz-automobil.jpg 490w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/benz-automobil-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/benz-automobil-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/benz-automobil-265x198.jpg 265w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 490px) 100vw, 490px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1705\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Benz Patent-Motorwagen, 1886.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Benz\u016fv samohybn\u00fd ko\u010d\u00e1rek se stal prototypem modern\u00edho automobilu, kter\u00fd si pln\u011b zachoval konstruk\u010dn\u00ed prvky platformy j\u00edzdn\u00edho kola a trubkov\u00e9ho r\u00e1mu, kter\u00fd si vyn\u00e1lezce vyp\u016fj\u010dil a kter\u00fd je z\u00e1kladem v\u0161ech modern\u00edch automobil\u016f. \u010cty\u0159kolov\u00fd automobil vznikl v roce 1893, Benz si nav\u00edc nechal patentovat syst\u00e9m ot\u00e1\u010den\u00ed \u0161koln\u00edch kol, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e9 kolo se ot\u00e1\u010delo samostatn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Spole\u010dnost Peugeot byla zalo\u017eena v roce 1888 jako kovod\u011bln\u00e1 manufaktura, kterou rodina Peugeot\u016f zalo\u017eila v roce 1700. Peugeot dodnes vyr\u00e1b\u00ed ru\u010dn\u00ed ml\u00fdnky na k\u00e1vu s do\u017eivotn\u00ed z\u00e1rukou na ocelov\u00fd mechanismus. Pozd\u011bji se spole\u010dnost specializovala na paprskov\u00e1 kola a j\u00edzdn\u00ed kola a po setk\u00e1n\u00ed s Gottliebem Daimlerem za\u010dala vyr\u00e1b\u011bt automobily.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1706\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1706\" style=\"width: 696px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1706\" src=\"https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/1521805570_touareg-3-1024x655.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"696\" height=\"445\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/1521805570_touareg-3-1024x655.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/1521805570_touareg-3-300x192.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/1521805570_touareg-3-768x492.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/1521805570_touareg-3-696x446.jpg 696w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/1521805570_touareg-3-1068x684.jpg 1068w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/1521805570_touareg-3-656x420.jpg 656w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/1521805570_touareg-3.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 696px) 100vw, 696px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1706\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Modern\u00ed platforma <\/em><em>Volkswagen <\/em><em>Touareg<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>O n\u011bkolik desetilet\u00ed pozd\u011bji z\u00edskal v\u016fz tradi\u010dn\u00ed celokovovou karoserii. Prvn\u00edm pr\u016fmysln\u00edkem, kter\u00fd instaloval kovovou karoserii, byl Andr\u00e9 Citro\u00ebn v roce 1928 po nav\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch kontakt\u016f s americk\u00fdm pr\u016fmysln\u00edkem Edwardem Buddem. Pro rozvoj dopravy a v\u00fdroby \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed byl obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd tzv. <strong>n\u00e1hradn\u00ed d\u00edly<\/strong> sehr\u00e1la svou roli technologie zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed kov\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdroba j\u00edzdn\u00edch kol p\u0159isp\u011bla ke vzniku kompletn\u00ed technick\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny pro automobilov\u00fd a leteck\u00fd pr\u016fmysl. Mnoho automobilov\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed za\u010d\u00ednalo jako v\u00fdrobci j\u00edzdn\u00edch kol a samohybn\u00fdch voz\u00edtek. Nap\u0159\u00edklad: Rover, \u0160koda, Opel, Morris Motor. Krom\u011b trubkov\u00e9ho r\u00e1mu byly z j\u00edzdn\u00edch kol p\u0159evzaty podlo\u017eky, lo\u017eiska a p\u0159evody.<\/p>\n<h3>Leteck\u00fd a vojensko-pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd komplex<\/h3>\n<p>Automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl byl ovlivn\u011bn zejm\u00e9na vojenskou technikou, letectv\u00edm a kosmonautikou. Sou\u010dasn\u00fdmi l\u00eddry v t\u00e9to oblasti jsou N\u011bmecko, Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie a Francie. Prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e1 automobilka Panhard Defense, kter\u00e1 vznikla pro v\u00fdrobu osobn\u00edch automobil\u016f, zcela zm\u011bnila sf\u00e9ru sv\u00e9 \u010dinnosti a zam\u011b\u0159ila se na v\u00fdrobu modern\u00edch obrn\u011bn\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch vozidel. Za modern\u00ed l\u00eddry ve vojensk\u00e9 sf\u00e9\u0159e jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny spole\u010dnosti Siemens a Volkswagen.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1707\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1707\" style=\"width: 696px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1707\" src=\"https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/panard-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"696\" height=\"522\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/panard.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/panard-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/panard-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/panard-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/panard-265x198.jpg 265w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/panard-696x522.jpg 696w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/panard-560x420.jpg 560w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 696px) 100vw, 696px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1707\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Panhard, 1941<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1708\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1708\" style=\"width: 696px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1708 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/panard_new-1024x865.jpg\" alt=\"PVP Patrol\" width=\"696\" height=\"588\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/panard_new.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/panard_new-300x253.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/panard_new-768x649.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/panard_new-696x588.jpg 696w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/panard_new-497x420.jpg 497w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 696px) 100vw, 696px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1708\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Patrolu PVP, kterou provozuje francouzsk\u00e1 policie, vyr\u00e1b\u00ed spole\u010dnost Panhard Defence.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>BMW, kter\u00e9 za\u010d\u00ednalo jako v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159 leteck\u00fdch motor\u016f, se stalo mocn\u00fdm technologick\u00fdm konglomer\u00e1tem specializuj\u00edc\u00edm se na vysokorychlostn\u00ed automobily. V historii BMW lze rozli\u0161it dv\u011b v\u00fdvojov\u00e1 obdob\u00ed. Ji\u017e p\u0159ed druhou sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lkou m\u011bla spole\u010dnost rozs\u00e1hlou v\u00fdrobu. Nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u00edstov\u00e9 motory BMW 801TJ ve tvaru hv\u011bzdy byly montov\u00e1ny do fotopr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch letadel Junkers Ju 388. Ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich m\u011bl v\u00fdkon 1409 kW a 1890 k.<\/p>\n<p>V pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch letech do\u0161lo ke ztr\u00e1t\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f, ale dnes m\u00e1 BMW op\u011bt stabiln\u00ed pozici na trhu. Centr\u00e1la je plnohodnotn\u00fdm centrem automobilov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu. Mezi hlavn\u00ed c\u00edle spole\u010dnosti pat\u0159\u00ed vytvo\u0159en\u00ed a standardizace nov\u00e9 automobilov\u00e9 platformy.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1709\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1709\" style=\"width: 696px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1709 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/bmw_motor-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Leteck\u00e9 motory v muzeu BMW\" width=\"696\" height=\"464\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/bmw_motor-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/bmw_motor-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/bmw_motor-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/bmw_motor-696x464.jpg 696w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/bmw_motor-1068x712.jpg 1068w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/bmw_motor-630x420.jpg 630w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/bmw_motor.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 696px) 100vw, 696px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1709\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Leteck\u00e9 motory v muzeu BMW<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Petrochemie a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed kov\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>K rozvoji evropsk\u00e9ho automobilov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu v\u00fdznamn\u011b p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 petrochemie, kter\u00e1 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v klastrech na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Seiny a Labe. Spole\u010dnosti v t\u00e9to skupin\u011b spolupracuj\u00ed s automobilov\u00fdmi koncerny. Vz\u00e1jemn\u00e1 integrace technologi\u00ed pom\u00e1h\u00e1 dos\u00e1hnout provozu vozidel s lep\u0161\u00edmi parametry, a t\u00edm dlouhodob\u011b zlep\u0161it kvalitu vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9 dopravy a \u00farove\u0148 konkurenceschopnosti mezi spot\u0159ebiteli.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evropa je sv\u011btov\u00fdm l\u00eddrem ve v\u00fdrob\u011b chemick\u00fdch produkt\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fdch petrochemick\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f a maziv. V\u00fdvoj nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch syntetick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f umo\u017enil v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161it \u017eivotnost kovov\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f. Spolu s protismykov\u00fdmi vlastnostmi high-tech slitin umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed syntetick\u00e9 oleje sn\u00ed\u017eit opot\u0159eben\u00ed konstruk\u010dn\u00edch prvk\u016f automobilov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na mo\u017en\u00e9 minimum.<\/p>\n<p>Tato \u010dinnost \u00fazce souvis\u00ed s metalurgi\u00ed ne\u017eelezn\u00fdch kov\u016f a v\u00fdvojem nov\u00fdch protitahov\u00fdch, duralov\u00fdch a dal\u0161\u00edch typ\u016f slitin se specifick\u00fdmi vlastnostmi. Mezi nab\u00eddkou vedou ho\u0159\u010d\u00edkov\u00e9 slitiny vyzna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed se vysokoteplotn\u00edmi vlastnostmi. Ho\u0159\u010d\u00edk je o 36% leh\u010d\u00ed ne\u017e hlin\u00edk a o 78% leh\u010d\u00ed ne\u017e \u017eelezo, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bt kvalitn\u00ed odlitky jakkoli slo\u017eit\u00fdch konstrukc\u00ed. Tyto v\u00fdrobky maj\u00ed vysokou odolnost p\u0159i provozn\u00edch teplot\u00e1ch a\u017e 175 C.<\/p>\n<p>V s\u00e9riov\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b se ho\u0159\u010d\u00edkov\u00e9 slitiny pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro lehk\u00e9 disky automobil\u016f se zv\u00fd\u0161enou pevnost\u00ed, komponenty podvozku a karoserie. Titanov\u00e9 disky maj\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed technick\u00e9 vlastnosti, jejich pevnost je dvakr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e pevnost legovan\u00fdch ocel\u00ed. V automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu jsou vysoce cen\u011bny hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 disky legovan\u00e9 k\u0159em\u00edkem.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1710\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1710\" style=\"width: 696px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1710\" src=\"https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/michelangelo_scon_1-1024x989.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"696\" height=\"672\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/michelangelo_scon_1-1024x989.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/michelangelo_scon_1-300x290.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/michelangelo_scon_1-768x742.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/michelangelo_scon_1-696x673.jpg 696w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/michelangelo_scon_1-1068x1032.jpg 1068w, https:\/\/blogavto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/michelangelo_scon_1-435x420.jpg 435w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 696px) 100vw, 696px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1710\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Kotou\u010de z lehk\u00e9 ho\u0159\u010d\u00edkov\u00e9 slitiny<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Automobilov\u00e1 technika v posledn\u00edch letech roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila sv\u00e9 technologick\u00e9 mo\u017enosti o nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed materi\u00e1ly: lehk\u00e9 slitiny, kompozitn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly v\u010detn\u011b plast\u016f vyztu\u017een\u00fdch uhl\u00edkov\u00fdmi vl\u00e1kny. P\u0159\u00edkladem je syntetick\u00fd materi\u00e1l CFRP - plast vyztu\u017een\u00fd uhl\u00edkov\u00fdmi vl\u00e1kny, z n\u011bho\u017e je vyrobena karoserie elektromobilu BMW i3.<\/p>\n<p>Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed hmotnosti hybridn\u00edho vozidla sni\u017euje kapacitu baterie. K v\u00fdrob\u011b d\u00edl\u016f se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed uhl\u00edkov\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna. Jedn\u00e1 se o p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00e9 kompozitn\u00ed listov\u00e9 odpru\u017een\u00ed zadn\u00ed n\u00e1pravy pro mal\u00e9 automobily.<\/p>\n<h3>Energetick\u00e9 technologie<\/h3>\n<p>V\u00fdrobn\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed v\u00fdrobc\u016f sm\u011b\u0159uje k o\u017eiven\u00ed technologick\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed vyvinut\u00fdch v prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b 20. stolet\u00ed, elektrick\u00fdch a plynov\u00fdch hybrid\u016f. P\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b elektrick\u00fdch hybrid\u016f udr\u017euj\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti \u00fazk\u00e9 v\u00fdrobn\u00ed vztahy s v\u00fdrobci energetick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, jejich\u017e centra se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v N\u011bmecku, Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii, Nizozemsku a Francii. Zem\u011b EU zauj\u00edmaj\u00ed vedouc\u00ed postaven\u00ed ve v\u00fdvoji palubn\u00ed elektroniky.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00fdroba komponent\u016f a n\u00e1hradn\u00edch d\u00edl\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161ina automobilov\u00fdch koncern\u016f pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 na mont\u00e1\u017en\u00edch link\u00e1ch komponenty t\u0159et\u00edch stran. Pr\u016fmysl p\u0159itahuje a poskytuje st\u00e1l\u00e9 zak\u00e1zky \u0161irok\u00e9mu spektru v\u00fdrobc\u016f, \u010d\u00edm\u017e zaji\u0161\u0165uje z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159idan\u00e9 hodnoty a formov\u00e1n\u00ed hrub\u00e9ho produktu regionu. Z v\u00fdrobc\u016f stoj\u00ed za zm\u00ednku n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed spole\u010dnosti:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>INA je p\u0159edn\u00edm v\u00fdrobcem lo\u017eisek; spole\u010dnost vlastn\u00ed zna\u010dku FAG a vyr\u00e1b\u00ed n\u00e1boje, lo\u017eiska kol, kulov\u00e9 \u010depy, d\u00edly podvozku a zav\u011b\u0161en\u00ed, \u010derpadla chladic\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. D\u00edly t\u011bchto zna\u010dek dod\u00e1v\u00e1 tak\u00e9 spole\u010dnost Ruville, kter\u00e1 se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 balen\u00edm d\u00edl\u016f;<\/li>\n<li>Bosch - N\u00e1hradn\u00ed d\u00edly Bosch se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed 70% automobilov\u00fdch koncern\u016f na mont\u00e1\u017en\u00edch link\u00e1ch. Spole\u010dnost dod\u00e1v\u00e1 tak\u00e9 vysoce kvalitn\u00ed servisn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed;<\/li>\n<li>Lemforder (ZF Friedrichshafen AG) - vyr\u00e1b\u00ed podvozkov\u00e9 d\u00edly, d\u00edly \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, silentbloky, autod\u00edly jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za nejlep\u0161\u00ed na trhu. M\u00e1 ne m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 600 v\u011bdecky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch patent\u016f. VW-Audi pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 na mont\u00e1\u017en\u00edch link\u00e1ch 100% d\u00edl\u016f Lemforder. St\u00e1l\u00fdmi z\u00e1kazn\u00edky spole\u010dnosti jsou Toyota, Mercedes-Benz, BMW, GM, Renault, PSA, DAF, Ford, Iveco, Scania;<\/li>\n<li>Spole\u010dnost SWAG (Bilstein Group) je p\u0159edn\u00edm v\u00fdrobcem odpru\u017een\u00ed, podvozk\u016f, \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1hradn\u00edch d\u00edl\u016f. D\u00edly se vyzna\u010duj\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi mo\u017en\u00fdmi standardy kvality;<\/li>\n<li>Elring - t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed a pry\u017eov\u00e1 t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed, olejov\u00e1 t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed a t\u011bsnic\u00ed materi\u00e1ly, prodejn\u00ed aktivity spole\u010dnosti pokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 140 zem\u00ed;<\/li>\n<li>Spole\u010dnost Victor Reinz, kter\u00e1 vznikla spojen\u00edm firem Victor (USA) a Reinz (N\u011bmecko), je vysp\u011bl\u00fdm v\u00fdrobcem olejov\u00fdch t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed a ucp\u00e1vek;<\/li>\n<li>Spole\u010dnost Sachs (ZF Friedrichshafen AG) je l\u00eddrem ve v\u00fdrob\u011b tlumi\u010d\u016f a komponent\u016f spojky, vyr\u00e1b\u00ed op\u011brn\u00e1 lo\u017eiska. D\u00edly Sachs se montuj\u00ed do sportovn\u00edch voz\u016f F1 (Ferrari, Sauber, Toyota), ale i do voz\u016f z\u00e1vod\u00edc\u00edch v LeMans, WRC (Ford WRC);<\/li>\n<li>ContiTech Continental je \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fd v\u00fdrobce pry\u017ee a plast\u016f;<\/li>\n<li>Hella - dodavatel palubn\u00ed elektroinstalace, osv\u011btlovac\u00edch prvk\u016f atd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161ina v\u00fdrobc\u016f d\u00edl\u016f a komponent\u016f prov\u00e1d\u00ed vlastn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum a nab\u00edz\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdrobc\u016fm automobil\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430, \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0441 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 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